CONTENTS
CONTENTS for Apple II Emulator Help

Apple II Emulator for Windows makes it possible to use the old 8-bit software, written for Apple II, under Windows. To read more about its features see What this program can do? section below.

General Information

Readme

What this program can do?

Command Line Options

Private File Formats

Drag-Drop Support

Recommendations

Apple II Oasis

Using Mouse

Internet URL

What's new in this version

Keyboard

Key Assignments

Menus

File

Edit

Setup

Disk Image

Window

Dialog Boxes

Change Icon

Configuration

Export

Hard Disk

Import

Communication Card

Select Diskette

Tech Support

Last Revised: September 23, 1998

Copyright © BG Universal Software, Inc.


What this program can do?

Introduction:

Apple II Emulator creates a virtual Apple //e computer system including: motherboard with CPU 65C02, keyboard, color (or B/W) display, 128K RAM (expandable to 1088K), 80-column card, speaker, joystick and variety of I/O cards/devices (Serial Card, Mouse, Floppy and Hard Disk Drives, Clock, Z80 Softcard). Most hardware components are optional and the final configuration can be optimized for any application.

RAM:

The emulator has 64K base memory and 64K to 1024K AppleWorks compatible auxiliary RAM. The auxiliary RAM is 64K banked. The bank selector is at $C071 or $C073.

Sound:

For best emulation of Apple II speaker you have to have a sound card and math co-processor. The short sound effects can be played back by waveform audio driver for PC speaker.

Sound Export:

It is possible to generate a .WAVe sound file identical to the speaker or casette output. For more information see Sound Setup.

Full Screen Text Mode:

Maximize the window, press Apple II Reset (CTRL-F12) or type TEXT, turn on the TrueType checkbox in Configuration dialog and your PC display will look like an Apple II terminal.

Color Changes:

If your display driver supports 32K or more colors, you can change the color palette used by the emulator. See Configuration | Colors for details

SoftExit:

The emulator allows to be closed from a 6502 program. This can be made with the following code:

addr  : A9 59     LDA #'Y'

addr+2: 4C 7F C0  JMP $C07F

Transferring Apple II Software:

If you have a real Apple II you can transfer your old software for use by Apple II Emulator. An easy way to do this is the Apple II Disk Server utility which is a member of Apple II Oasis. Read Using Apple II Disk Server for details. Also, if your Apple II system includes a serial card, you can use S-LINK to transfer information between Apple II Emulator and the real Apple II.

See Also

Private File Formats

Drag-Drop Support

Recommendations

Configuration

Using Mouse


Key Assignments

Every key which is not present in the following table is identical for both keyboards.

PC keyboard	Apple II keyboard

F1	 (Open Apple)

F2	 (Solid Apple)

Tab	Control-I

Insert	Control-I

Delete	Del

BackSpace	Control-H

Control-F9	Reset

Control-F12	Reset

Control-Break	Control-C

Left Arrow	Control-H

Right Arrow	Control-U

Up Arrow	Control-K

Down Arrow	Control-J

Home	Scroll left

End	Scroll right

PageUp	Scroll up

PageDown	Scroll down

The keys HOME, END, PAGEUP, and PAGEDOWN can be used to scroll the emulator's window when it has scroll bars. These keys can be combined with CTRL to jump directly at the top and bottom of the scroll bars.

Apple II keyboard has two keys called Open Apple and Solid Apple (a.k.a. Closed Apple). They are identical to joystick buttons. Many programs use them in combination with other keys to open menus or as shortcuts. On PC keyboard, ALT key has the same function. Usually Open and Solid Apple keys are assigned to F1 and F2. The emulator can be configured to use the first and the second ALT as any combination of Apple-keys. See Configuration for details.

To reboot the emulator press CTRL-F1-F12 which is equal to CTRL- [image] -RESET.


Configuration Dialog Box

This dialog box contains all configuration settings of the emulator which can be changed. If you make any changes and you want to use the new configuration - choose OK button. To save the changes as default emulator configuration use Save button. You may also save current configuration in any file with Save As button. The default configuration file is APL24WIN.INI located in Windows directory. It can be changed if you pass other initialization file as command line parameter.

All configuration options are available in the following groups:

Tab Group	Description

Character Set	Choose character set for Apple II text mode

Colors	Enable/disable Apple II color display and change default color palette

CPU Speed	Change emulator speed and background execution mode

Import Address	Set default address for file imports

Keyboard	Open/Solid apple key assignment, keyboard buffer, joystick support

Peripheral Cards	Peripheral card settings

RAM	"Install" auxiliary RAM

ROM	Select ROM image location

Save State	Enable/disable/setup save emulator state feature

Sound	Apple II speaker volume, sound export

See Also

Configuration File

Key Assignments

Private File Formats


Character Set
Configuration | Character Set

The MouseText character set includes 32 special characters (apples, arrows, etc.). It is recommended to turn on this checkbox.

You may use TrueType font for Apple II text mode. It is recommended to use fixed pitch fonts like Courier New. When the window is maximized and the video mode is text-only then the TrueType characters have a size that exactly fills the screen (there are no scroll bars). The TrueType font may also contain MouseText characters. They must be in the code range 128-159. If the TT font, you are using, does not include MouseText characters, turn off the MouseText option.

You can replace the internal character set. The new charset must be a .BMP file (256*7=1792 x 8 pixels). To use it turn on External Bitmap File checkbox and select the filename of the bitmap. If the bitmap is not monochrome then you have to turn on the Color Text checkbox in Configuration | Colors tab-group.

See Also

Configuration


Keyboard
Configuration | Keyboard

The original Apple II does not have keyboard buffer. In most cases the Keyboard Buffer feature is very useful but sometimes the emulator keyboard may become "locked". For that reason you have to disable the Keyboard Buffer option when playing games.

Use ALT Key(s) As

System Menu	ALT key(s) are used only by Windows

Open Apple	left and right ALT emulate the Open Apple key

Solid Apple	left and right ALT emulate the Solid Apple key

Both Apples	each ALT emulates Open and Solid Apple concurrently

Separately	left ALT is Open Apple and right ALT is Solid Apple

Joystick/Paddles

Disconnected	Apple II without joystick

Mouse	the joystick is emulated with the mouse. See Using Mouse for more information

Joystick	a real PC joystick is used by the emulator (joystick driver is required)

If you paste text in the emulator and you see that some letters are lost, try to correct this problem by increasing the Paste Delay value (by default it is 0). A problem may occur if the emulated program is slow, supports keyboard pseudo-buffer, and cannot process all keypresses generated by the emulator.

If Use Scroll Lock LED option is enabled you will see when the disk drive is working (the emulator window must be in foreground). Scroll Lock key usually remains unused and its LED indicator is also "free". If you need the Scroll Lock key for different purpose, simply turn this checkbox off.

See Also

Configuration


Speed
Configuration | Speed

This tab-group displays information about the approximate speed of currently running 8-bit software. The speed is relative to real Apple II. If you enable TURBO option the emulator will work with the highest possible speed (even higher than 1000% if the PC is enough fast). It is not recommended to use this option. If you need fast Apple II set Requested Speed to 10 MHz.

The best recommendation is to set Requested Speed to 1 or 1.1 MHz.

You can use Background Execution option to specify whether the emulator to work when it does not have input focus. The possible values are: Always - the emulator will always work even when it is minimized. This option may be used if you are using Apple II translator or other long process program; Never - Apple II virtual microprocessor works only when the emulator has the input focus (i.e. it is on foreground); No Iconic - the emulator will stop working when its window is minimized.

See Also

Configuration


Peripheral Cards

List of currently installed peripheral cards. To change the current peripheral card configuration use SetUp button. Note that this button is disabled when CP/M Card, Disk II, or Mouse Card are active. In this case press Apple II Reset (CTRL-F12) before opening System Configuration dialog

See Also

Configuration File

Key Assignments

Private File Formats


Private File Formats

Apple II Emulator for Windows supports its private file formats. They have equal extensions (usually A4W). To recognize the file type, the emulator uses an identical file header. The header consists of one or two sections. The first section is common for all types and the second section is optional. The following example shows the main section and its elements:

[Apple II]

Type=Disk II

Name=AppleWorks

IconFile=moricons.dll

IconIndex=22

All items are optional except Type which defines the type of the file. The type in this example is Disk II floppy diskette. Name is necessary if you want to change the title of the emulator's window (the default title is Apple II Emulator). IconFile and IconIndex are used to select a specific icon.

The filename must be included in the list of emulator's command line parameters and then the specified Name and Icon will be used.

For detailed information about each file format choose some of the following:

Configuration File

Disk II Diskette

Hard Disk Image

6502 Executable Code

Z80 Executable Code

Binary Data

Keyboard Data


Using Mouse

Apple II Emulator uses the mouse for three purposes:

1. Emulation of Apple II mouse - when some program finds an installed Mouse Card and activates it then each mouse action in the emulator's window will be translated and passed to the 8-bit program via the Mouse Card

2. Emulation of Apple II joystick - the joystick's position is being calculated by using the coordinates of the mouse in the emulator window's client area. The center of this window corresponds to the joystick's center. (Only the first Apple II joystick is being supported.)

3. Emulation of Arrow keys, Enter and ESC - when the left mouse button is down then the crossing of the mouse's arrow from one text mode character cell to another (in the emulator's window) generates a single keypress of arrow key in the corresponding direction. The doubleclick of mouse's button is equal to Enter key. A single click with the left or right button when the other button is down is equal to ESC key. To understand this type PR#3 for 80-column text and do the following:

Move the mouse's arrow at the Apple II cursor;

Click and hold down the left mouse button;

Click the right button (=ESC);

Move the mouse in the window (the left button is down);

...

Click the right button;

Doubleclick the left button (=Enter).

This feature is useful when selecting options in text mode in many Apple II programs like COPY ][ PLUS. The inverse line (moveable by arrow keys) can be moved with the mouse.

See Also

Configuration

Peripheral Cards


Peripheral Cards Dialog Box
Configuration | Peripheral Cards

This tab-group specifies the current configuration of Apple II peripheral cards/devices on I/O slots. All available cards are listed in every combobox. Setup buttons are enabled for some cards which allow additional settings.

Short description of I/O cards currently supported by Apple II Emulator:

Name	Function

Communication Card	Apple II serial card which can be connected to COMx, LPTx, Windows supported printer, the clipboard. Supports Pascal 1.1 protocol. See Communication Card documentation for details

Realtime Clock	ProDOS clock card

80-column Card	Standard internal 80-column card for 128K //e. It is always installed on slot 3

Mouse Card	Mouse for Apple II

CP/M Card	Z80 microprocessor card. Required to run CP/M OS. (It is not recommended to install Hard Disks, Mouse, and Clock when running CP/M)

Disk II	Floppy disk controller with 2 drives. The information from 140KB diskettes is stored in files. Nonstandard formats (protected diskettes) are not supported. See Select Diskette and Disk II File Format for more information. The default slot for this card is #6

Hard Disk	ProDOS compatible hard disk. Supports 2 removable disk drives. The disk image size range is 8KB..32MB (default 16MB). See also Hard Disk File Format

If you want to load your OS (ProDOS) from a hard disk drive, you have to install Hard Disk card on slot 7. Startup disk is the first disk (card) found by scanning the I/O slots from 7th to 1st. It is also a good idea to leave the Hard Disk card without disk image as default configuration. By this way you will be able to "execute" both 140K diskette images and Hard Disk images after a double click in File Manager or from Apple II Disk Manager. Apple II Emulator will run automatically mounting the specified disk image. If the file is a Disk II image, it will be mounted on 6th slot and started because there is no default Hard Disk image. If the file is a Hard Disk image, it will be started because slot 7 has higher priority.

See Also

Configuration

Private File Formats


6502 EXE, Z80 EXE, and Binary Data File Formats

These file formats are being used by Apple II Emulator to store parts of RAM. To read how they are interpreted by the emulator see export dialog. The structure of these file formats is shown below:

File Header: [Apple II]

             Type=Code6502 (or CodeZ80,Data)

             [Options]

             Address=n

Separator:   [1A][1A]

Data:        ...

Address N from Options section specifies the memory address that the emulator uses to load the file. The Z80 address space is relocated but Address option for CodeZ80 relates to the same addresses like Code6502.

See Also

Disk II File Format

Private File Formats


File Import Dialog Box
File Import

The selected file from this dialog box will be imported in Apple II RAM. Some file formats like Config or Disk II Diskette are not acceptable.

See Also

Drag-Drop Support

Import Address


Save Configuration Dialog Box
Save Configuration

Select the path and filename in this dialog when you want to store the selected emulator configuration in separate file (not in the default .INI file).

If the file extension (.A4W) is associated with the emulator then you can execute the created config file. Apple II Emulator will run with the configuration stored in this file. Also you may send the filename as startup parameter and the emulator will use it as default initialization file.

See Also

Configuration File Format


Parallel Interface Setup
Communication Card

The Communication Card of Apple II Emulator will be recognized as Apple II serial card. It can be used as printer interface, serial port for modem connection, or for S-LINK data transfers. The Input/Output port can be COM1..4, LPT1..3, Clipboard, or Printer. When you choose Printer output the emulator will filter all Communication Card output characters and you will be able to print only text even if your printer is Epson RX and your Apple II software sends graphic commands. For that reason, if you wish to print graphics, you have to select the COM/LPT port where your printer is connected. (Also your printer must support the graphic commands sent by the Apple II program.) If you have chosen Printer as output device you may change the Close After N Seconds Communication Card setting. When the 8-bit program does not send any characters to the Communication Card for the specified time interval, the emulator will close the print job. For Clipboard output, any character sent after this time will clear the previous clipboard contents. For that reason, specify at least 30 seconds when the output is set to Clipboard.

Add LF After CR option must be turned on if the 8-bit program does not automatically add LineFeed characters after <CR>.

Clear Bit 7 option must be turned on when you are using COM/LPT output to access the printer. All printers are using 8-bit characters and Apple II monitor sets bit 7=1.

If you wish to set bit 7 to 1 turn on both Clear Bit 7 and Invert Bit 7 options.


Drag-Drop Support

By using File Manager you can drag one or more files and drop them into the emulator's window. Each file will be processed according to its type. If the file type is not from the supported private file formats then it will be imported in the emulator's memory as binary data at address specified in Import Address dialog.

File Type	Action

Code6502	load and run

CodeZ80	load and run

Config	ignore

Data	load only

Disk II	select for drive 1 of the last used Disk II slot. "Asterisk" sound specified in Control Panel confirms the success of operation. If there are not installed Disk II cards the file will be ignored

Fixed Disk	"connect" to the first Hard Disk card which is found starting from 7th slot

Paste (Kbd Data)	queue for keyboard input. See Edit | Paste menu for more information. The file's contents will be used instead of Clipboard

See Also

Export Dialog

File Import Dialog

Private File Formats


Import Address Setup Dialog Box
Configuration | Import Address

Specify the starting memory address for imported file whose type does not support such address. When importing file with File | Import menu this dialog will be automatically displayed if the file has unknown type. For Drag-Drop imports the specified memory address is being used without prompting.

Last Import group displays information for the previous file import.

See Also

Configuration


Configuration File Format

Apple II Emulator uses this file format to store its system configuration. Config files have the following form:

[Apple II]

Type=Config

Name=AppName

IconFile=file.ico

IconIndex=4

[Data]

Sound=1

Turbo=0

...

NDBF=-1

COMMCTRL=1

FastHGR=1

[Colors]

Color0=0,0,0

...

Color6=0,0,255

...

Color15=255,255,255

The default initialization file APL24WIN.INI has this format. Look at its contents for details.

For more information about the file header see Private File Formats.

See Also

Configuration


When NDBF=1 Apple II Emulator will use only Normal style for the dialog box fonts, NDBF=0 will disable this feature, NDBF=-1 or undefined will be interpreted as NDBF=1 under Win95 and NDBF=0 for Win31.


If this option is turned off (=0) Apple II Emulator won't use the COMMCTRL.DLL library and the trackbar controls will be replaced with scroll bars (Configuration and Communication Card dialogs).


Creating ROM Image

The Apple II BIOS is a file whose name is specified in ROM tab-group of Configuration dialog box. The installed ROM is aligned by address $FFFF (i.e. if it is only 256 bytes long, its 6502 memory location will be $FF00-$FFFF). Peripheral card ROMs cannot be changed.

Note that if you copy the ROM-image from an Apple //e you have to copy the entire memory between $C100 and $FFFF. Following is an example of how to do this:

CALL-151

C007:0

1100<C100.FFFFM

C006:0

BSAVE ROM,A$1100,L$3F00

If you have real Apple II (][+ or //e) you can create a ROM image file, transfer it to PC disk image by using Apple II Disk Server, then extract the ROM image to MS-DOS file by using Apple II Disk (image) Manager.

You can also download the ROM image from Internet:

ftp://ftp.apple.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/rom_images/apple_IIe_rom.zip

http://www.apple.asimov.net/site/emulators/rom_images/apple_IIe_rom.zip

to download via e-mail, send the following message to: ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de

open ftp.apple.asimov.net

cd /pub/apple_II/emulators/rom_images

uuencode

get apple_IIe_rom.zip

quit

after you receive FTP-Mail response you have to reply with "RUN xxxxxxx.xxxx" (read ftpmail response message)


If the Apple II hi-res screen is incorrect then you can turn off the graphic accelerator of Apple II Emulator by adding FastHGR=0 to APL24WIN.INI file.


Registered Version!
WARNING

This is a REGISTERED copy of  « Apple II Emulator for Windows ».

It is for use only on those machine that it is licensed for.

This version is NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED as Shareware.

* * *

Help CONTENTS


Export Dialog Box
Export

To export a part of the emulator's RAM fill the dialog's fields:

Address	Starting address of the exported memory block. It must be in the range 0..$BFFF

Size	Size in bytes of the exported block. (If [Address+Size>$C000] then Size=$C001-Address)

Filename	Destination file for the exported data. (Select the full path by using Browse button)

Type	Type of the memory block. For more information see Comments section below

Caption; Icon	Title and icon for exported code (not allowed for types Data and None). See Private File Formats for details

Comments

Apple II Emulator can export a copy of its RAM in four different file formats:

Type	Description

Code 6502	The file header specifies the data as 6502 executable code. When such file is passed to the emulator (as parameter or by drag and drop) it imports the data in memory and loads the 6502 Program Counter (PC) with the starting address. You can save some programs that consist of only one file in this file format instead of file on disk image

Code Z80	Z80 executable code. Similar to Code 6502 but for Z80 microprocessor. Note that the Z80's Program Counter is always set to $0 (memory address $1000) independently from the starting address of loaded code!

None	The file has not header and information for memory location

Data	There is information for the starting memory address. The emulator only loads such files in memory and takes no other actions


File Menu

Use this menu to exchange files between the emulator and Windows. Import submenu loads data in the emulator's RAM. Export submenu exports a part of RAM into PC file.

See Also

Drag-Drop Support


Edit Menu

This menu supports two operations:

1. Copying text from the Apple II screen (emulator's window)

2. Pasting ASCII text via Apple II keyboard port

Available are the following submenus:

Menu	Description

Select	Stops the emulation and allows selection of a character group. The selected rectangle is enclosed by a floating line. The selection can be made with the mouse or with arrow keys (Press ENTER to change the moveable corner). The right mouse button and/or ESC cancel select mode. Only text can be copied from the screen

Copy	Copies the selected characters into the Clipboard

Paste	(Automatically enter text via keyboard port). Prepares the Clipboard's contents for entering in Apple II Emulator. When an emulated program waits for keyboard input then it will receive the text pasted from the Clipboard. Press Apple II Reset (CTRL-F12) to cancel pasting. If you are "pasting" long text and some letters are lost, increase the PasteDelay option

Select All	Encloses the entire text mode area. This menu is disabled when full screen graphic mode is active


Setup Menu

The submenus from this menu allow you to change the settings for emulator Configuration, Sound,  Import Address, and the Printer used by the Communication Card.


Disk II Menu
Disk Image Menu

Use this menu to change the working diskette or hard disk image for each installed Disk II/Hard disk drive. This menu is disabled if there are not installed any Disk II/Hard disk cards. Available are the following submenus:

Menu	Description

Slot# Drive#	there are submenus for each existing disk(ette) drive. Choose some drive by its slot# / drive# and change its working disk image file. To change the default disk images you have to save current configuration with Save button from Configuration dialog. By using Last Used submenu you can select a new diskette for your working drive (the target for the last DOS command)

Swap Diskettes	swaps the disk image file names which are currently selected for Drive 1 and Drive 2 on the last used slot. "Asterisk" sound (from Control Panel) confirms the success of swapping

Next Diskette	changes the currently selected diskette in the last accessed Disk II drive with the following in its directory (alphabetical order)

Note that Last Used, Swap Diskettes, and Next Diskette menus can be used only for Disk II images.

See Also

Drag-Drop Support

Select Diskette Dialog


Window Menu

Submenu	Description

Start New Emulator	starts a new instance of Apple II Emulator. See also the /new option

Any Size	enables and disables the automatic correction of the size of emulator's window

Thick Frame	changes the style of the emulator's window - with or without thick frame


Auxiliary RAM Setup Dialog Box
Configuration | RAM

Check the necessary auxiliary RAM pages. Page 0 is required for 80-column text mode and always exists.

See Also

Configuration Dialog


Change Icon Dialog Box
Change Icon

This dialog allows you to choose some icon from an icon-containing file. The selected icon may be used in exported executable code files. The emulator's icon is being used by default.

See Also

Export Dialog

Private File Formats


Fixed Disk Dialog Box
Select Hard Disk

The Hard Disk card of the emulator uses the selected file from this dialog as Apple II hard disk drive. Note that you have to choose some Hard disk image file (not Disk II diskette. Disk II diskettes can be mounted on Disk II card). To create a new disk image you can use New | Disk Image menu from Apple II Disk (image) Manager.

If you want to write-protect the disk image turn on Read Only checkbox.

See Also

Private File Formats

Hard Disk File Format


Select Diskette Dialog Box
Select Diskette

Use this dialog to choose a disk image file which will be used for Disk II diskette emulation. You can select an .A4W Disk II image, standard .DSK (.DO) image, or Nibble order (.NIB) image. To create a new disk image you can use New | Disk Image menu from Apple II Disk (image) Manager.

If you want to write-protect the disk image file turn on Read Only checkbox.

See Also

Disk Image Menu

Disk II File Format


Apple II Emulator can emulate standard 140K Disk II diskettes. The information contained by each diskette is stored in disk image file. The term "diskette" for this help system is equal to disk image file. To select a diskette for some emulator's Disk II drive is the same as to insert a real diskette in real Apple II drive.


Disk II Diskette File Format

Apple II Emulator stores the information for its diskettes in this file format. The disk image files have two parts: a standard file header identifying the file type; and a data section which usually consists of 143360 bytes. The data section is separated from the file header by two bytes with value of 26 (1Ah). The file header and the separator are not necessary if the file extension is .DSK or .DO and the file size is exactly 143360 bytes. The following lines show the structure of this file format:

File Header: [Apple II]

             Type=Disk II

Separator:   [1A][1A]

Disk Data:   T0S0/T0S1/T0S2...T0SF/T1S0/T1S1...T22SF

TxSy are the 256 bytes of sector y for track x. A part or the entire data section could be missing. In this case all bytes of a missing sector are being read as 0. When the emulator is writing such sector the disk image file size increases with the size of all missing sectors before the written sector.

If the disk image file is read-only then the diskette will be emulated as write-protected. If a diskette is selected for more than one diskette drive then it is accessible for writing only for one drive (the first "drive" which has captured the disk image).

The file size of an .A4W (Disk II type) disk image may vary from only 28 bytes to more than 163868.

For non-standard formats (copy protected diskettes, etc.) you have to use .NIB images that are 232,960 bytes long.

See Also

Disk Image Menu

Private File Formats


Fixed Disk File Format
Hard Disk Image File Format

Apple II Emulator stores the information for its hard disk drives in this file format. The structure of this format is shown below:

File Header: [Apple II]

             Type=Fixed Disk

             [Options]

             Size=m         (size in KB, default 16MB)

Separator:   [1A][1A]

Disk Data:   B0/B1/B2...Bn  (7 < n < 65535)

Bx are the 512 bytes of block x. See the similar Disk II File Format for more information. The file header and the separator are not necessary if the file extension is .HDV. For .HDV images the default size is 31.5MB.

See Also

Hard Disk Dialog

Private File Formats


Keyboard Data File Format

The following example shows a file with this file format:

[Apple II]

Type=Paste

[Data]

10 HOME

20 PRINT "Hello"

30 LIST

RUN

When such file is passed to the emulator as command line parameter or by drag-drop the text from Data section is being accepted by the emulated program like sequence of keypresses.

See Also

Drag-Drop Support

Private File Formats


Sound Setup Dialog Box
Configuration | Sound

Turn off Enable Sound checkbox to disable Apple II speaker. When Tape Output checkbox is turned on the tape/cassette output will be re-directed to the sound card (calls to $C020 will be equal to $C030). Some programs are using the tape output to play music.

Volume

Use the track bar to select the volume for Apple II speaker. The test button (>) plays a sound using the current volume level.

Sound Export

You can record each sound played back by Apple II Emulator into a .WAV file. To do this turn on Export checkbox, select Output File, push OK button. You must specify a Limit value in seconds. The Sound Export will be stopped after the length of the exported sound has reached to the specified Limit.

See Also

Configuration


Command Line Options

Syntax:

APL24WIN.EXE [/new] [/reset] [/reboot] [file1 [file2 [...file10]]]

/new	this option must be used if you want to run 2 or more emulator's instances

/reset	the emulator does the same actions as if you press CTRL-F12. This option is used by Apple II Disk Manager

/reboot	the emulator does the same actions as if you press CTRL-F1-F12. This option is used by Apple II Disk Manager

fileN	must be in allowed file format. See Private File Formats for more details


Readme

Here are some important things you have to know before you start using this Apple II Emulator:

o	The emulator requires Apple II ROM image file (Apple II BIOS). The default name for the ROM image file is APL24WIN.ROM. You can change it from the ROM tab-group in Configuration dialog box. See also Creating ROM Image.

o	Because of hardware incompatibility it is not possible for PC's disk drive to read the standard Apple II 5.25" diskettes. For that reason the emulator uses disk image files. These files have .A4W, .DSK, .DO, or .NIB extensions and contain the information that may be normally stored on a real Apple II diskette. By using Apple II Disk Server or S-LINK you can transfer your diskettes and store them as disk images on the PC's hard disk. This emulator supports three kinds of disk images. (1) The images of the first kind are called "diskettes" or "Disk II images". They are equivalents of the 5.25" 140KB Apple II diskettes and may be formatted with DOS3.3, ProDOS, UCSD Pascal, CP/M, etc. operating systems. These disk images can be used only by Disk II card. (2) The images of the second kind are called "Hard disk images" (.A4W or .HDV). They can be used only by a Hard disk card which is only ProDOS compatible. The Hard disks may have large size (up to 32MB) and the emulator operates easily and quickly with this kind of disk images. So, it is recommended to save all your ProDOS files on Hard disk images and use Disk II "diskettes" only for games and/or non-ProDOS files. 800K disk images, equivalents of 3.5" diskettes, are stored in "Hard disk" images, too. (3) The third kind disk images are Nibble order (.NIB). Their logical size is 140K (really 232,960 bytes). The .NIB images must be used to store "copy protected" Apple II diskettes. When you use the emulator you can change the "disk(ette)" that is currently "in" the disk drive. To do this open the System menu/Disk Image submenu and choose the disk drive by its slot#/drive# (or press CTRL-x, where "x" is the slot# 1..7). Browse another disk image file and choose OK. Turn on the Read Only check if you want to make the disk write-protected. There are some different ways to change the disk image. You can double click on the file from Windows File Manager or Win95 Explorer, or drag the disk image and drop it in the emulator's window. Also you can select the file in Apple II Disk (image) Manager and press_F2 / choose_File|Send_To_Emulator_menu / push_the_corresponding toolbar_button / click the right mouse button and select Mount Disk menu. Note that if a Disk II card is installed on 6th slot and Hard disk on 2nd and you want to load the OS from a Hard disk image you have to strike Apple II Reset (CTRL-F12), then type PR#2 to boot from the hard disk.

o	Most of the DOS 3.3 and other old programs require capital letters, so don't forget to turn your Caps Lock on.

o	If you want to run the emulator with monochrome (e.g. green, but not white) display, open Configuration dialog box (F3), choose Colors tab group, turn Color Graphics option OFF, Color Text - ON, then change Text Color and Text Background (from the Color Palette combobox) to green and black.

See Also

Recommendations


Save Emulator State

By using this feature you can save the emulator state. If the Save State on Exit option is enabled, the emulator will automatically save its state when you close it or when you quit Windows. Next time you start Apple II Emulator, it will restore its state. It is also possible to save emulator's state every N minutes. This may help you restore your work if something accidentally stops your computer. To use the SaveState feature you have to specify output Filename where the emulator state will be stored. Note that after you select output Filename you have to save current emulator configuration choosing Save button (below Cancel). If you don't do this the emulator won't restore its state because it won't "know" the SaveState Filename.

Compress Output File option may be enabled to reduce the SaveState file size. This option may be useful if your emulator configuration includes more than 64K auxiliary memory.

Save Now button will immediately save the state in the specified file.

See Also

Configuration


Colors
Configuration | Colors

When Color Text is disabled the characters of Apple II text mode are always white on black background. If you wish to use different colors turn on Color Text checkbox and change Text Color and Text Background colors in Color Palette combobox.

If Color Graphics option if disabled all Apple II graphic output will be black&white. When Color Graphics is disabled and Color Text is enabled Apple II graphic modes use Text Color and Text Background colors.

With Smooth Color Pixels every pixel, whose color is not black or white, "spills" in the next (or

previous) black pixel. This option is available only when Color Graphics is turned on.

The Color Palette contains all colors used by the emulator. You can Change each color and restore its default value by using Default button. Current color column displays current color selection but if your display driver supports less than 32K colors the real color may be different (see Solid column). Default column displays the colors which will be assigned after using Default button.

See Also

Configuration


ROM
Configuration | ROM

Here you may change the ROM image file. If the Filename field is empty, the default name is APL24WIN.ROM.

See Also

Configuration

Creating ROM Image


Postal Address:

Teodor Angeloff

5100 Gorna Orjahoviza

P.O.Box 176

Bulgaria

E-mail:

apl24win@usa.net

APL24WIN@GeoCities.com

PGP Public Keys


REGISTRATION

Apple II Oasis is a SHAREWARE product and you are requested if you find it useful and continue to use it to register. The registration fee is $25 ( $6 is the upgrade fee for the registered users of Apple II Oasis Ver. 1.xx or 2.0 ) plus $4 shipping in the US/Canada, $6 shipping overseas.

You can order by credit card from Public (software) Library by calling 800-2424-PsL or 713-524-6394 from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. CST Monday-Thursday, 7:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Friday or FAX 713-524-6398 or e-mail to 71355.470@compuserve.com. You can also mail credit card orders to PsL at P.O.Box 35705, Houston, TX 77235-5705.

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE ABOVE NUMBERS ARE FOR ORDERS ONLY.

Any questions about this program must be directed to:

Teodor Angeloff

5100 Gorna Orjahoviza

ul."Struma" No. 4V

BULGARIA

(e-mail: apl24win@usa.net)

To order by credit card use the Credit Card Registration Order Form.

You can also pay by Check or Money Order. To register complete the Order Form and mail to:

Public (software) Library

P.O.Box 35705

Houston, TX 77235-5705

USA

Feel free to share Apple II Oasis with your friends, but please do not distribute the program in an incomplete or modified form, or as part of another system, or for a fee.


Definition of SHAREWARE

Shareware is an existing marketing method which allows you to try top-quality software before you pay the author. With Shareware, you cannot be disappointed spending money for a program that's not right for you.

If you continue to use the program, you must send the author a registration payment which may entitle you to technical support, printed manual, bonus programs, and more. Your payment supports authors, allowing them to continue writing newer and better Shareware software.

Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software and the copyright holder retains all rights, with the exception that copying and distributing the program for evaluation purposes is encouraged, subject to certain conditions.


Credit Card Order Form
Apple II Oasis for Windows (v2.1)

Item Number #11972

Credit Card Order Form

                                        Date _________________________

    Name:  ___________________________________________________________

[Company:] ___________________________________________________________

 Address:  ___________________________________________________________

        :  ___________________________________________________________

        :  ___________________________________________________________

Registration fee* = $25 x ___ (Quantity) .................... $_______

[* The registr. fee is $6 for the registered users of earlier versions]

Shipping = $4 US/Canada; $6 overseas ........................ $_______

TOTAL ....................................................... $_______

Payment by:   ( ) MasterCard            ( ) Visa

              ( ) American Express      ( ) Discover Card

Card #:  ________________________________  Exp. Date:  _____________

Signature of cardholder: ___________________________________________

Disk size (check one):  ( ) 3.5"    ( ) 5.25"


Order Form
Apple II Oasis for Windows (v2.1)

Item Number #11972

Order Form

                                        Date _________________________

    Name:  ___________________________________________________________

[Company:] ___________________________________________________________

 Address:  ___________________________________________________________

        :  ___________________________________________________________

        :  ___________________________________________________________

Registration fee* = $25 x ___ (Quantity) .................... $_______

[* The registr. fee is $6 for the registered users of earlier versions]

Shipping = $4 US/Canada; $6 overseas ........................ $_______

TOTAL ....................................................... $_______

Please pay by Check or Money Order. Note that the check must be in 'US Dollars' ($ USD). A check will have to clear before goods are dispatched.

Disk size (check one):  ( ) 3.5"    ( ) 5.25"


Apple II Oasis
Apple II Oasis is a program group including three Windows applications:

Apple II Emulator, Apple II Disk Manager, and Apple II Disk Server.

You cannot use directly Apple II software on PCs because Apple II and IBM PC have incompatible microprocessors, operating systems, disk drives, etc.

Apple II Oasis is binding together the different worlds of Apple II and PC software. However, the goal is to insert the existing old Apple II software among the PC/Windows applications (not the opposite)

Because of the incompatible disk drives it is necessary to use disk image files.

The following illustration shows how Apple II Oasis applications make the link between the different PC platforms.

See Also

Product History

Recommendations


The disk image is a file containing the information which can be stored on Apple II disk. There are two different kinds of disk images supported by Apple II Oasis: Disk II Diskettes and Hard Disk images.


Apple II Emulator interprets Apple II machine code; converts the keyboard/mouse input and the audio/video output; displays an Apple II screen in a window, translates all user's commands and by this way makes it possible for your PC to use the existing Apple II software in Windows environment.

Read Using Apple II Emulator for details.


Apple II Disk Server allows you to transfer information between Apple II and PC. Requires a simple cable connecting the joystick port of Apple II and one PC parallel port. For data transfers via Null Modem cable use S-LINK.

Read Using Apple II Disk Server for details.


Apple II Disk Manager supports COPY, MOVE, DELETE, etc. commands for MS-DOS volumes and disk image files formatted for ProDOS or Apple DOS 3.3.

Read Using Apple II Disk Manager for details.


Product History
Apple II Oasis: Product History

Jan.1995 - version 1.0

First release of Apple II Emulator for Windows. Everything is in one executable file. There is no documentation. The menus are in a standard (visible) menu bar.

Mar.1995 - version 1.1

All menus are inserted in the system menu.

Jul.1995 - version 1.12

Fixed bug in joystick emulation (Y-axis). Other tiny changes.

Apr.1996 - version 1.2

3D dialog controls. "Smooth (graphics) pixel" feature. Documentation. Better speaker emulation. Standard (COMMDLG) Select Diskette dialog box. SETUP program.

Sep.1996 - version 1.3

"Mid-level" speaker emulation; 22.05 kHz 44.1 kHz. Sound Setup dialog box + sound export. New BIOS config file option. First release of Apple II Disk Server tool.

Feb.1997 - version 1.4

Support for .DSK disk images. ReadOnly checkbox in Select Disk dialogs. New CharsBMP config file option. Drag-drop for Apple II Disk Server. First release of Apple II Disk Manager. The project's name is changed to Apple II Oasis.

Jul.1997 - version 1.45

Apple II Emulator: Graphic acceleration, /new command-line option, Colors config file section.

Apple II Disk Manager: Toolbar, File Converters.

Dec.1997 - version 1.5

Apple II Emulator: Removable Hard Disk images (Disk Image menu), The Hard disk card now supports two "drives" (one in the previous versions), Keyboard buffer, TrueType font with MouseText characters (codes 128-159), Reset and Reboot command line options.

Apple II Disk Manager: Associate dialog box, Up One Level toolbar button, Supports .HDV disk image file format of ApplePC emulator, Display File/By Type (F4) edit field accepts multiple file templates separated by semicolon (e.g.: *.doc;*.txt;*.rtf).

Apr.1998 - version 2.0

Apple II Emulator: SaveState feature, Communication (Serial) Card (replaces the old Parallel Interface), Generally reorganized Configuration dialog box, Background execution option, PC BackSpace key emulated as CTRL-H, Hard disk firmware automatically calls $C600 if there is no valid hard disk image, Support for the .HDV hard disk image format of ApplePC.

Apple II Disk Manager: Right mouse button in use, User Defined Command menu.

Apple II Disk Server: S-Link.

Version 2.1


REGISTRATION

Apple II Oasis is a SHAREWARE product and you are requested if you find it useful and continue to use it to register. The registration fee is $25 ( $6 is the upgrade fee for the registered users of Apple II Oasis v1.xx or v2.0 ) plus $4 shipping in the US/Canada, $6 shipping overseas. When register you will receive a disk with the latest fully licensed version of Apple II Oasis.

Ways To Pay:	Credit Card

Check or Money Order

Tech Support:	Postal Address:

Teodor Angeloff

5100 Gorna Orjahoviza

P.O. Box 176

BULGARIA

E-mail:

apl24win@usa.net

APL24WIN@GeoCities.com

Feel free to share Apple II Oasis with your friends, but please do not distribute the program in an incomplete or modified form, or as part of another system, or for a fee.


Credit Card Orders

You can order with MC, Visa, AmEx, or Discover from Public Software Library, Inc. in the following ways:

Online

Secure ordering: https://www.pslweb.com/cgi-win/psl_ords.exe/ITEM11972

(If your browser supports secure transactions, try this link first.)

Non-encrypted ordering: http://www.pslweb.com/cgi-win/psl_ord.exe/ITEM11972

(If your browser does not support secure transactions, use this link.)

Backup server: http://206.109.101.6/cgi-win/psl_ord.exe/ITEM11972

(If the server above is not accessible, use this order server.)

Online registration links: http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/4414/REGISTER.HTM

(Load this page to see all currently available links for online registration)

Mail

Complete and send the Order Form to PsL at P.O.Box 35705, Houston, TX 77235-5705, U.S.A.

Email

Copy the Order Form into clipboard and then email it to PsL at 11972@pslweb.com or 71355.470@compuserve.com

FAX

Complete the Order Form and fax to 713-524-6398

Phone

PsL's operators are available from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. CST Monday-Friday at 800-242-4775 Ext.11972 or 713-524-6394 Ext.11972

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE ABOVE NUMBERS ARE FOR ORDERS ONLY.

ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS PROGRAM MUST BE DIRECTED TO:

Teodor Angeloff

5100 Gorna Orjahoviza

P.O. Box 176

BULGARIA

E-mail:	apl24win@usa.net

APL24WIN@GeoCities.com


Payment by Check or Money Order

Complete the Order Form and mail it to:

Public (software) Library

P.O.Box 35705

Houston, TX 77235-5705

U.S.A.


Choose Help/Order_Form menu to start the Order Form Generator


Pre-History

Following is a brief description of the pre-history of Apple II Oasis for Windows project.

1986 - author's first touch to any computer (Apple II+)

. . .

Mar.1993 - Apple II -> i386sx "upgrade"

spring.1993 - initial idea

Apple II Emulator working in DOS mode, supporting all the (necessary) peripheral accessories (color monitor, mouse, hard disk, RAM >128K, etc.).

summer.1993 - busy

autumn.1993 - initial idea changed

Apple II Emulator for Windows

winter.1994 - busy

Apr.1994 - the project started

Jul/Aug/Sep.1994 - 85% of the emulator's source code is already written

To continue, read the product's history.


ORDER FORM Generator

If you wish to register your copy of Apple II Oasis, you can use this dialog box to create the order form. When register you will receive a disk with the latest, fully licensed version of Apple II Oasis.

Complete all necessary fields of the Ship-To Name/Address.

IF A FIELD DOES NOT APPLY, PLEASE LEAVE IT COMPLETELY BLANK.

Please do not use any umlauts or characters with accents or diacritical marks.

Select the payment method and the disk size. For more details see REGISTRATION.

Upgrade

If you are registered user of Apple II Oasis (v1.xx or v2.0) - choose this checkbox - you will pay only $6 instead of $25 for your upgrade.

Shipping&Handling

If you are outside US/Canada choose the $6 s&h fee.

Preview

You can look at the completed order form before you Print (or Copy) it.

Copy

Copies the order form into the Clipboard. You can use this button if you want to send the order form via Email.

TOTAL

In this box you will see the total amount which you have to pay.


PGP Public Keys

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What is new
What is new in Apple II Oasis v2.1

Apple II Emulator:

o Supported is the Nibble (.NIB) disk image format

o Scroll Lock LED can be used for Apple II disk drive indicator

o Create Diskette dialog box is removed. New disk images can  be created with Apple II Disk Manager - New | Disk Image menu

o PC Delete key was CTRL-D, now it works as Apple DEL

Apple II Disk Manager:

o Search feature

o Mount Disk image menu

o New converter in ADM_CONV.DLL library for .PO - .DSK image conversions

o Groups/Folders for user defined commands (see Define User Command)

o System Font option

See Also

Recommendations

Apple II Oasis History


Recommendations

[Windows 3.1 users only]: It is very important that file-sharing and locking is enabled. Be sure that SHARE.EXE has been loaded before starting Windows. Windows for Workgroups provides file-sharing and locking support by default and SHARE.EXE should not be loaded.

---

Visit Apple II Oasis Home Page:

http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/4414/A4W.HTM

http://www.angelfire.com/tx/Apple2

Or, if the above URLs do not exist, find the actual Apple II Oasis Home Page from:

http://www.pslweb.com/cgi-win/psl_ord.exe/ITEM11972

---

If you don't have enough Apple II software, go here:

ftp://ftp.apple.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/

http://ground.icaen.uiowa.edu//2/apple2/apple8/

http://www.apple.asimov.net/site/apple_II/images/

---

To read more about Apple II history, visit this site:

http://www.hypermall.com/History/

---

Apple II Emulator:

It is better to use a ROM image of the Enhanced //e. See the ROM group of the Configuration dialog box.

Use different initialization files. Install empty Hard disk card on slot 7 for the default <windows>\APL24WIN.INI and Disk II on slot 6. Use different .INI file for your Apple II Emulator icon (add the .INI file as command line parameter for the Program Manager item, Win95 desktop icon, etc.). By this way when you "start" (double click) a disk image, the emulator will use the default initialization file.

Set Background Execution option to No Iconic or Never. Decrease Requested Speed if the real emulator speed is always 20%-30% slower than the requested speed (probably your PC is not enough fast).

Disable the keyboard buffer when you are playing games. Otherwise some games may stop processing the keyboard.

If you wish to have monochrome (e.g. green) display like a real B/W Apple II, open Configuration dialog box (F3), choose Colors tab group, turn Color Graphics option OFF, Color Text - ON, then change Text Color and Text Background (from the Color Palette combobox) to green and black.

---

Apple II Disk (image) Manager:

Use Options | Converters menu to install all available file converter libraries (e.g.: ADM_CONV.DLL).


URL
Internet URL where you can find Apple II Oasis For Windows

Apple II Oasis Home Page:

http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/4414/A4W.HTM

http://www.angelfire.com/tx/Apple2

Or, if the above URLs do not exist, find the actual Apple II Oasis Home Page from:

http://www.pslweb.com/cgi-win/psl_ord.exe/ITEM11972

Apple II Oasis is also available from:

o Simtel Net ( http://www.simtel.net )

o The Shareware Net ( http://www.theshareware.net )

ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/win3/util/a24w_210.zip


About Dialog Box
About Apple II Oasis

This is a registered copy of Apple II Oasis. It is for use only on those machine that it is licensed for.

If you wish to change the registration text, choose PRC button to call the Personalized Registration Code (PRC) dialog box. Then you may install a new PRC if you have already received it; or generate request for a new PRC.

See Also

Request New Code

Install Registration Code


The Registration Code (RC) is a short file containing information for the number of licensed copies (usually one), registration text, etc. All this information is password encrypted. Whenever you start any Apple II Oasis application, it tries to find and decode this file. If the RC file exists and contains valid registration information then Apple II Oasis works in fully licensed mode (i.e. without any limitation). Also, the registration text, extracted from the RC file, is displayed in all About dialog boxes.

The RCs are created only by BG Universal Software or authorized distributor. Every Registration Code is based on the registration text received from the registered user.


Install Registration Code
Installing Registration Code

After you have created and sent request for new registration code you will receive e-mail reply containing ASCII encoded Personalized Registration Code (PRC). You may copy this e-mail message to the clipboard or save it as text file. By using clipboard button you will try to extract the PRC file from the clipboard. If the e-mail message has been stored in file you have to use File button to select it.

See Also

Request New Code


Request New Code

If you wish to change your registration text you have to select Request New Code tab-group from Personalized Registration Code (PRC) dialog box and enter your new registration text. You can choose Copy button to copy the PRC request into the clipboard or save it as text file by using Save As button.

Then you have to send your request via e-mail to:

apl24win@usa.net

and/or

APL24WIN@GeoCities.com

If you are using PGP, please add your public key.

See Also

Install Registration Code


The registration text may be something like this:

   THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED TO:

   Sherlock Holmes

   221b Baker Street

   London  NW1

It may include your name, address, company name, etc.