The "Description of Ecological Trails in the Urochishche Kukhmap
Nature Preserve" Project
The International Children's Computer Camp (ICCC) is located on the territory
of a unique nature preserve. The preserve is called the Pereslavl Governmental
Nature-Historical Natural Park "Urochishche Kukhmar." Here, in a comparatively
small area, coexist several types of forest ecosystems. We take advantage of
this diversity and get to know the various characteristics of the plants and
animals which live in these ecosystems. We try to find ecological trails
through the woods which will allow us to see various types of forest ecosystems.
The participants in the project catalog and describe the plants and animals
which live along these trails.
The department of Biology and Ecology is working on the project
"Description of Ecological Trails in the Urochishche Kukhmap Nature
Preserve." The children act as trailblazers -- they decide themselves
where to put the trails. They study the surroundings of the camp and decide
where to place the main observation points of the trails, and then make an
illustrated discription of the trails. The following types of activities make
up the project:
The children taking part in the program have become familiar with the
different types of forest that surround the camp. They then choose
observation points to include on the trails. Then they find
the shortest and most convenient route between the observation points.
Each trail is about 1.5 kilometers (1 mile) long, and includes about
seven observation points. The following characteristics describe the
various ecosystems which are encountered on the trails:
- Pinetum fragariosum
- Pinetum myrtilliosum
- Picetum oxalidosum
- Tilietum cariceto-aegopodiosum
- Pinetum vaccinioso-sphagnosum
- Deschampsietum ranunculiosum
- Phargmetum sparganioso-scirpodiosum
The route of the trails is shown on the map by the lines with arrows. The
trails connect the observation points. Observation points are marked on the
map by a number in a circle.
Folowing the creation of the maps, we took the children along the trails.
The children gathered over one hundred and fifty types of plant life and over
fifty types of animal life (mostly invertibrate). The information that was
collected was entered into a computer database.
The database about the plants which were collected on the trails contains
the following information about each plant:
- Ecosystem in which it is found
- Russian name of the plant
- Latin name of the plant
- Family
- Group
- Expert estimate of its abundancy in the ecosystem in comparison with generally accepted abundancy charts
- Type of protection
- Practical uses of the plant
The animal database contains the following information:
- Ecosystem in which it is found
- Date
- Russian name of the animal
- Biological group
- Biological class
- Food source
- Type of protection
- Expert estimate of the animal's frequency in its habitat
Shown above are the protected Makhaon butterfly, Papilia
machaon L. and the Apatura ilia L. Recently the numbers
of these butterflys have been declining, but here in the nature preserve
they are still seen often.
Besides these butterflies, a lot of other rare and protected types of
butterflies and moths live in the nature preserve.
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This protected plant Dactylorhiza Nevski,
is one of five northern types which is found in the Yaroslavl region.
This plant can be seen at the
sixth observation point on the ecological trail.
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This picture demonstrates the natural food chain of some soil-dwelling animals.
- Soil preditors (spiders, beetles)
- Soil-eating animals (ticks, mites, worms)
- Bacteria which fertilize the soil
This gray bird (Ardea cinerea) - is not spotted frequently in our
region, and is included on the list of protected species of the Yaroslavl
region. This bird can be seen at observation point two on the ecological
trail.
This old pine tree (Pinus sylvestris) is in anunusual shape
and grows near our camp. It is 1 meter in diameter, and about 3.5 meters
in circumference. It's about 30 meters tall, and experts have deduced that
it is about 150 years old.